Conditions affecting the thyroid gland that can cause it to produce too much (hyperthyroidism) or too little (hypothyroidism) thyroid hormone.
See a doctor if you have unexplained weight changes, persistent fatigue, heart palpitations, mood changes, or notice a swelling in your neck. Seek emergency care if you have rapid heartbeat with fever, confusion, or severe weakness—these may indicate thyroid storm.
Find a Specialist NowThe thyroid gland, often called the "master gland of metabolism," plays a crucial role in regulating virtually every cell, tissue, and organ in the body. When the thyroid doesn't function properly, it can affect your energy, weight, mood, and overall health. Thyroid disorders are common worldwide, including in the Philippines, yet many cases remain undiagnosed.
The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of your neck, just below the Adam's apple. Despite its small size (about 2 inches), it has enormous influence over your body's functions.
The thyroid produces two main hormones:
These hormones regulate:
The thyroid is controlled by a feedback loop involving:
When thyroid hormone levels are low, the pituitary releases more TSH to stimulate the thyroid. When levels are high, TSH decreases. This feedback system normally keeps hormone levels balanced.
The thyroid doesn't produce enough hormone. This is the most common thyroid disorder.
Causes:
Symptoms:
The thyroid produces too much hormone, speeding up metabolism.
Causes:
Symptoms:
An enlarged thyroid gland, which can occur with hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or normal thyroid function.
Causes:
Lumps in the thyroid gland. Most are benign, but some can be cancerous.
Though relatively rare, thyroid cancer is highly treatable when detected early.
Iodine Deficiency: Historically, the Philippines had significant iodine deficiency due to the country's geography and diet. The mandatory iodization of salt (ASIN law, 1995) has reduced but not eliminated this problem, particularly in remote areas.
Goiter Belt: Mountainous and landlocked areas where seafood is less accessible have higher rates of goiter.
Underdiagnosis: Many Filipinos with thyroid disorders remain undiagnosed because symptoms are often attributed to stress, aging, or other conditions.
Women's Health: Women are 5-8 times more likely to develop thyroid disorders than men, making this a significant women's health issue in the Philippines.
Thyroid disorders are diagnosed through:
Blood Tests:
Imaging:
Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA): Biopsy of suspicious nodules to check for cancer
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Euthyrox): Synthetic T4 hormone replacement
What to Expect:
Anti-thyroid Medications:
Radioactive Iodine Therapy:
Thyroidectomy (Surgery):
Beta-Blockers:
Taking Thyroid Medication:
Lifestyle Tips:
For Hypothyroidism:
For Hyperthyroidism:
Pregnancy Considerations:
For Hypothyroidism:
For Hyperthyroidism:
Screening Recommendations:
Ensuring Adequate Iodine:
Thyroid disorders, while chronic, are among the most manageable conditions in medicine. With proper diagnosis and treatment, most people with thyroid disorders can lead completely normal lives. The key is early detection, consistent treatment, and regular monitoring.
If you've been experiencing unexplained fatigue, weight changes, or mood disturbances, ask your doctor about thyroid screening. A simple blood test could be the first step toward feeling like yourself again.
"Ang maliit na glandula, malaki ang tungkulin." (A small gland with a big responsibility.)
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